ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯗꯥ, [...]ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯖꯣ ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯠꯌꯨꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯗꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯠꯔꯣ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯔꯤꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯒ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯖꯣ ꯄꯣꯔꯁꯦꯜ ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯖꯣꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯁꯥꯅꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯊꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫
꯱.ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯖꯣ ꯔꯤꯚꯥꯏꯚꯦꯜ: ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫
ꯃꯤꯂꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯥꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯦꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯀꯂꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯏꯛꯂꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯂꯣꯐꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯛꯁꯥꯔꯤ ꯔꯤꯁꯣꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯣꯀꯤꯑꯣꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ, ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯖꯣ ꯄꯣꯔꯁꯦꯂꯤꯟ ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯉꯃꯈꯩ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯦꯕꯜ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ "ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ" ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯅꯟ-ꯔꯤꯄꯤꯇꯦꯠ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯐꯖꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫
2. ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯖꯣ ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯁ? ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯂꯤꯚꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯟꯇꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯕꯔꯁꯦꯇꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ:ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯖꯣ ꯄꯣꯔꯁꯦꯜ ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯖꯣꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯀꯜ, ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯠ ꯂꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯋꯥꯏ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ: ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯕꯤꯌꯥꯅꯀꯣ ꯏ ꯅꯦꯔꯨꯐ ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯀꯣꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯍꯂꯣꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯍꯨꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯌꯥꯟꯗꯦꯅꯦꯚꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯔꯦꯟ, ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯜ ꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯕꯔꯅꯥꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ-ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯇꯦꯔꯦꯅꯤꯌꯟ, ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ, ꯖꯄꯥꯟꯗꯤ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕꯣꯍꯦꯃꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯑꯅꯃꯦꯆꯗ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ & ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯤꯟ:ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯖꯣ ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ:
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ & ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯦꯆ-ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ:ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯚꯦꯟꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟ & ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ:ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ-ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯑꯦꯕꯁꯣꯔꯄꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯦꯖ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯣꯏꯜ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯤꯆꯦꯟ, ꯕꯥꯊꯔꯨꯝ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯩ꯫
ꯏꯀꯣ-ꯀꯟꯁꯆꯤꯌꯁ ꯆꯣꯏꯁ:ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯔ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇ (ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ-ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ, ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯔꯇꯁ ꯔꯦꯃꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯃꯥꯟꯗꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ-ꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ & ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯕꯥ:ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯣꯟ-ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯃꯦꯅꯁꯤꯞ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯔꯗ ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯖꯣꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯅꯥ, ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯖꯣ ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ (ISO, EN, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ASTM ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ) ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯜ-ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯆꯌꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
꯳.ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯑꯂꯤꯕꯥꯕꯥ.ꯀꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯐꯣꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯇꯦꯀꯆꯔ, ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯏꯚꯥꯂꯨꯑꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ:
ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯣꯊꯦꯟꯇꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ:ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯃꯜꯇꯤ-ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯌꯨ. ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, "ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ" ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯌꯨ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯨ-ꯕꯣꯗꯤ (ꯐꯨꯜ-ꯕꯣꯗꯤ) ꯚꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯠꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ:ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ:
ꯄꯤ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ: ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ/ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯐꯨꯠ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯀꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ IV ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ V꯫
ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯚꯦꯟꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ 0.5% (ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ BIII ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯞ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ:ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ R9-R11 ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ (DIN 51130) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ꯫
ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯕꯔ & ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ: ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ, ꯏꯚꯦꯟꯇ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯠ ꯖꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ (ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯕꯔ) ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯐꯥꯏꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ, ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯠ & ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ:ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ-ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯦꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ, ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ: ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯡ, ꯋꯥꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯗꯤꯡ, ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯔꯇꯣꯄꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ-ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ꯫
ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ:ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯅꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯥꯔꯒꯦꯠ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯚꯥꯂꯨꯑꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
꯴.ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ: ꯃꯤꯂꯥꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯂꯕꯣꯔꯟ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ꯫
ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯖꯣ ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯗꯤꯐꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ:
ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ:ꯍꯣꯇꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯐꯦ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯔꯇꯣꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯥꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ-ꯋꯥꯔꯗ ꯃꯣꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯥ꯫
ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯜ:ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯒꯁꯤꯞ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯔꯤꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯦꯟꯇꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫
ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ:ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯤꯆꯦꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥ-ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯕꯥꯊꯔꯨꯝ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ, ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯐꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ ꯂꯤꯚꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫
ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯠ:ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯀꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ꯫
ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ: ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯔꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯦꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫
ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯖꯣ ꯄꯣꯔꯁꯦꯜ ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ; ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯔꯤꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯣꯕꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯕꯤ.꯲.ꯕꯤ. ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯑꯣꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯃꯦꯅꯁꯤꯄꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯤꯔꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯃꯥꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤ꯫
ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯖꯣ ꯄꯣꯔꯁꯦꯜ ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯅꯕꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯦꯜ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ, ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯤꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯨꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯔꯤ꯫
